1. Introduction:

The Upper Mustang Trekking and Manaslu Circuit treks are two of Nepal’s most mesmerizing and culturally rich trekking destinations, offering unique experiences in the remote Himalayas. Upper Mustang, often called the “Last Forbidden Kingdom,” takes trekkers through the ancient kingdom of Lo, showcasing barren landscapes, striking cliffs, and centuries-old Tibetan Buddhist culture. It lies in the rain-shadow region, making it ideal for trekking even during the monsoon season. The trek provides an opportunity to explore hidden caves, historic monasteries, and traditional Tibetan-influenced villages. In contrast, the Manaslu Circuit trek circles the world’s eighth-highest mountain, Mt. Manaslu (8,163 m), offering breathtaking views, diverse landscapes, and rich cultural heritage. This trek takes adventurers through lush green valleys, high-altitude glaciers, and remote villages inhabited by ethnic communities like the Gurungs and Tibetans. Both treks promise a once-in-a-lifetime journey, blending adventure with cultural immersion in the heart of the Himalayas.

Overview of Both Treks: Upper Mustang & Manaslu Circuit

The Upper Mustang Trek and the Manaslu Circuit Trek are two of Nepal’s most fascinating and off-the-beaten-path trekking experiences, offering adventurers a deep dive into remote Himalayan landscapes, rich cultural traditions, and unparalleled natural beauty. While both treks provide incredible experiences, they are distinct in terms of geography, cultural influences, and trekking challenges. The Upper Mustang Trek takes trekkers into the ancient Kingdom of Lo, a region once restricted to outsiders, preserving its centuries-old Tibetan Buddhist culture. Nestled in the trans-Himalayan region of Nepal, Upper Mustang features arid, desert-like landscapes with dramatic rock formations, deep canyons, and striking red and ochre cliffs. The trek provides a unique opportunity to explore historic monasteries, hidden caves, and walled villages like Lo Manthang, the former capital of the Mustang kingdom. Unlike many other Himalayan treks, Upper Mustang lies in the rain shadow of the Annapurna and Dhaulagiri ranges, making it accessible even during the monsoon season. This trek is ideal for those looking to experience an untouched Tibetan-influenced culture, remote landscapes, and an adventure into Nepal’s “Forbidden Kingdom.”

On the other hand, the Manaslu Circuit Trek offers a more diverse and physically demanding experience, circling Mt. Manaslu (8,163 m), the eighth-highest peak in the world. This trek presents an incredible variety of landscapes, from lush subtropical forests and terraced farmlands to high-altitude glaciers and snow-covered mountain passes. It is renowned for its stunning scenery and remote trails, passing through isolated villages inhabited by ethnic Gurung and Tibetan communities. The trek offers an intimate cultural experience, with ancient monasteries, prayer flags, and chortens marking the route. A major highlight is crossing the Larkya La Pass (5,106 m), a high-altitude challenge that rewards trekkers with breathtaking panoramic views of Manaslu, Himlung Himal, and the Annapurna range. Compared to the Upper Mustang, the Manaslu Circuit is more physically demanding, requiring acclimatization and endurance.

Both treks offer unparalleled opportunities for adventure, cultural immersion, and exploration of Nepal’s most remote and spectacular regions. Whether you seek the mystical landscapes of Upper Mustang or the rugged mountain wilderness of the Manaslu Circuit, both journeys promise a once-in-a-lifetime Himalayan experience.

The Grand Entry – Landscape & Scenery

Upper Mustang Trek: The Lost Kingdom of Mars

Venturing into Upper Colt feels like entering another planet—a tremendous, high-altitude leaf with sensational ruddy cliffs, profound canyons, and strange shake arrangements. This hill, once a portion of the antiquated Tibetan domain, is regularly called “The Final Taboo Kingdom” due to its protected culture and untouched scenes. The landscape is desolate, however strikingly wonderful, with ochre-hued hills etched by centuries of wind erosion.

Unlike the green valleys of Nepal’s more popular trekking courses, Upper Colt offers a dry, tough wilderness, reminiscent of the Tibetan Level. As you travel through contract gorges and old caves, you’ll witness towns built of mud-brick houses, flanked by rippling Buddhist supplication banners. The gem of the journey is Lo Manthang, the walled capital of the Colt Kingdom, where the medieval way of life still thrives.

The scene here is otherworldly, with towering cliffs, profound gorges, and windswept levels making an enchanted atmosphere. The nonattendance of thick vegetation gives way to open skies and breathtaking views of Nilgiri, Annapurna, and Dhaulagiri, which differentiate against the desolate hills like a dreamlike painting.

Manaslu Circuit Trek: A Himalayan Symphony

In stark contrast, the Manaslu Circuit Journey is a nature narrative in motion—a journey that changes drastically from rich greenery to solidified icy masses. Beginning from the subtropical timberlands of Soti Khola, the path winds through thick rhododendron wildernesses, thundering waterways, and cascading waterfalls, sometimes rising steadily into high-altitude elevated meadows.

As you climb higher, the view changes to snow-covered peaks, towering cliffs, and frigid valleys, all overwhelmed by the powerful Mt. Manaslu (8,163 m), the eighth-highest top in the world. The journey is nothing short of a visually perfect work of art, advertising a few of the most emotional and shifted scenes in Nepal.

The fantastic finally? Larkya La Pass (5,160 m),a high-altitude crossing that rewards trekkers with awe-inspiring, all-encompassing views of the Himalayas. The differing territory, from tropical woodlands to frosty summits, makes the Manaslu Circuit a trekker’s heaven, continually moving in view and exciting!

Trek Highlights: Upper Mustang Trek vs. Manaslu Circuit Trek

1. Upper Mustang Trek

Cultural Experience:

The Upper Mustang trek is a journey into Nepal’s hidden kingdom, rich in Tibetan Buddhist culture. The region was once an independent kingdom, and its capital, Lo Manthang, still retains a royal palace and ancient :monasteries. Trekkers can witness vibrant Tibetan traditions, prayer flags fluttering in the wind, and centuries-old cave dwellings. The trek provides an opportunity to explore Thugchen Gompa, Jampa Gompa, and the fascinating sky caves of Chooser, which were used as meditation chambers and shelters by monks for centuries. The Tiji Festival, celebrated annually, is a major highlight where monks perform masked dances to dispel evil spirits.

Landscape:

Unlike the lush greenery seen in other Himalayan treks, Upper Mustang features a barren, desert-like terrain with deep canyons, eroded cliffs, and dramatic rock formations. The region lies in the rain shadow of the Annapurna and Dhaulagiri ranges, making it one of Nepal’s driest areas. Trekkers will encounter red, yellow, and brown rock formations, which create a surreal, otherworldly landscape reminiscent of Tibet. The Kali Gandaki River gorge, one of the world’s deepest, cuts through this arid valley, adding to the trek’s visual appeal.

Altitude:

The Upper Mustang trek reaches a maximum altitude of 4,200 meters (13,780 feet) at Lo Manthang. While the altitude is not extreme compared to other Himalayan treks, acclimatization is still important. The gradual ascent makes it a manageable trek for those accustomed to moderate trekking conditions.

Difficulty Level:

The Upper Mustang trek is classified as moderate. The trails are well-defined and do not involve extreme ascents or technical climbing. However, the dry and windy conditions, along with long walking hours, can make the trek challenging for some. Prior trekking experience is recommended but not essential.

Best Time to Trek:

The best time to trek Upper Mustang is spring (March to May) and autumn (September to November). However, since the region is in a rain-shadow, it is one of the few trekking destinations in Nepal that remains accessible and enjoyable even during the monsoon season (June to August). The Tiji Festival, which usually occurs in May, is a great time to visit for a unique cultural experience.

2. Manaslu Circuit Trek

Cultural Experience:

The Manaslu Circuit trek offers an incredible mix of Hindu and Tibetan Buddhist cultures. The trek begins in lower-altitude villages influenced by Hindu traditions and gradually enters Tibetan Buddhist regions as trekkers ascend. Villages like Sama Gaon and Samdo are inhabited by Tibetan-origin communities, where travelers can explore ancient monasteries such as Pungyen Gompa and witness Tibetan prayer wheels, main walls, and chortens. The hospitality of the Gurung and Tibetan people adds to the cultural richness of the trek.

Landscape:

The landscape of the Manaslu Circuit trek is incredibly diverse, starting with green forests, terraced fields, and raging rivers in the lower altitudes before transitioning to high-altitude alpine terrain. The trek circles Mount Manaslu (8,163 m), the world’s eighth-highest peak, offering stunning glacier views, waterfalls, and snow-capped mountains. The highlight is crossing Larkya La Pass (5,106 m), one of Nepal’s highest and most dramatic mountain passes.

Altitude:

The Manaslu Circuit trek reaches a high point of 5,106 meters (16,752 feet) at Larkya La Pass. Due to the significant altitude gain, proper acclimatization is crucial to avoid altitude sickness. Many trekkers follow an itinerary that includes rest days in Sama Gaon to allow their bodies to adjust.

Difficulty Level:

The Manaslu Circuit trek is considered challenging, suitable for trekkers with prior high-altitude trekking experience. The trail involves steep ascents, long trekking days, and high-altitude crossings. The final push over Larkya La Pass is particularly demanding, requiring good physical fitness and endurance.

Best Time to Trek:

The best time to trek the Manaslu Circuit is spring (March to May) and autumn (September to November), when the weather is stable, and the views are clear. Unlike the Upper Mustang, the Manaslu region is affected by monsoon rains, making trekking difficult from June to August. Winter (December to February) is also challenging due to heavy snowfall and extreme cold at high altitudes.

Final Comparison: Which Trek to Choose?

• If you’re looking for a culturally rich trek with Tibetan influences, a unique desert-like landscape, and a moderate trekking challenge, Upper Mustang is a great choice. It is also one of the few treks in Nepal that can be done during the monsoon.
• If you want a more diverse trek with lush valleys, dramatic high-altitude scenery, and a physically demanding challenge, Manaslu Circuit is the better option. However, it requires more preparation and acclimatization due to its high-altitude pass.

Both treks provide an unforgettable experience in the Himalayas, offering breathtaking views, cultural immersion, and adventure in some of Nepal’s most remote and stunning regions.

Day to Day Itinerary

Upper Mustang Trek

Day 1: Arrival in Kathmandu (1,350 m)
I arrived in Kathmandu, Nepal’s vibrant capital. After clearing customs, you’ll be transferred to your hotel. The rest of the day is at leisure, allowing you to rest or explore the local markets and temples like Swayambhunath (Monkey Temple) and Pashupatinath.

Day 2: Kathmandu Sightseeing and Trek Preparation
Spend the day exploring Kathmandu’s UNESCO World Heritage Sites, including Boudhanath Stupa and Durbar Square. You’ll also meet your guide and porter, who will go over the trekking details, ensure permits are ready, and check your equipment.

Day 3: Drive from Kathmandu to Pokhara (820 m)
Take a scenic 6-7 hour drive or a short flight to Pokhara, a picturesque lakeside city. You’ll have time to relax and enjoy the serene beauty of Phewa Lake, surrounded by the Annapurna Range.

Day 4: Drive from Pokhara to Jomsom (2,720 m)
A drive of about 8-9 hours through the Kali Gandaki River valley brings you to Jomsom, the gateway to Upper Mustang. The landscape here is stark and dry, surrounded by rugged mountains.

Day 5: Drive from Jomsom to Kagbeni (2,800 m)
A short drive (about 30 minutes) brings you to Kagbeni, the first village in the Mustang region. Kagbeni is a charming, medieval-style village with narrow alleys and houses built in traditional Tibetan style. It is a checkpoint for entering Upper Mustang, where you’ll need to show your restricted area permit.

Day 6: Trek from Kagbeni to Chhusang (2,920 m)
Start your trek by crossing the Kali Gandaki River and heading toward Chhusang. Along the way, enjoy spectacular views of the Nilgiri peaks. The trek takes about 5-6 hours, passing through arid landscapes dotted with traditional Tibetan villages.

Day 7: Trek from Chhusang to Chele (3,050 m)
The trail continues through dry, barren terrain with rocky paths and views of deep gorges. Reach Chele after about 5-6 hours of trekking. Chele is a small village where you can enjoy a glimpse of traditional Mustang culture.

Day 8: Trek from Chele to Geling (3,570 m)
Today’s trek takes you through a series of small villages, ascents, and descents, passing through apple orchards and Tibetan-style houses. After 5-6 hours, you’ll arrive at Gelling, a quiet village known for its beautiful views of the surrounding landscape.

Day 9: Trek from Gelling to Charang (3,560 m)
Trek for about 5-6 hours to Charang, a village known for its monasteries and stunning views. The trail crosses a pass, and you’ll be treated to expansive views of the valley below. Charang is home to the famous Charang Monastery.

Day 10: Trek from Charang to Lo Manthang (3,800 m)
Lo Manthang, the capital of Upper Mustang, is just 5-6 hours away. This walled city was once an independent kingdom and is home to many sacred monasteries and old Tibetan-style architecture. Spend the afternoon exploring Lo Manthang’s rich cultural heritage.

Day 11: Explore Lo Manthang (3,800 m)
Today is set aside for local exploration. Visit the iconic Tashi Lhakhang Monastery, the King’s Palace, and other important sites like the Chode Monastery. Take in the views of the surrounding landscape and experience the unique Tibetan Buddhist culture.

Day 12: Trek from Lo Manthang to Drakmar (3,810 m)
After your exploration, trek for about 6-7 hours to Drakmar. The landscape changes, becoming more arid, with dramatic views of the mountains. Drakmar is known for its ancient monastery and isolated setting.

Day 13: Trek from Drakmar to Ghiling (3,800 m)
The trek today will take you back down to Ghiling, passing through barren landscapes and Tibetan villages. You’ll trek for 5-6 hours. Ghiling offers a chance to reflect on the beauty of Upper Mustang’s remote environment.

Day 14: Trek from Ghiling to Chhusang (2,920m)
Descend for 4-5 hours back to Chhusang. Enjoy views of the Kali Gandaki River and the rugged Mustang landscape. You’ll get to enjoy the simpler, rural life of the Mustang region.

Day 15: Trek from Chhusang to Kagbeni (2,800 m)
Today, trek back to Kagbeni, retracing your steps along the Kali Gandaki River for 4-5 hours. Kagbeni offers a chance to soak in the last of Upper Mustang’s remote charm.

Day 16: Drive from Kagbeni to Jomsom (2,720 m)
After a short trek back to Jomsom, relax and celebrate the completion of your trek. Jomsom offers great views of the surrounding peaks, including Nilgiri and Dhaulagiri.

Day 17: Fly from Jomsom to Pokhara (820 m) and Return to Kathmandu
Fly back to Pokhara, then drive or fly back to Kathmandu. Spend your last evening in Nepal exploring the city, shopping for souvenirs, or simply resting before your departure.

Manaslu Circuit Trek: 16-Day Itinerary

Day 1: Arrival in Kathmandu (1,350 m)
Arrive in Kathmandu and transfer to your hotel. You can spend the day exploring the vibrant city, visiting temples, or shopping for trekking gear.

Day 2: Kathmandu Sightseeing and Trek Preparation
Explore Kathmandu’s UNESCO World Heritage Sites, such as Swayambhunath, Boudhanath, and Durbar Square. Meet your guide and finalize trekking details for the days ahead.

Day 3: Drive from Kathmandu to Arughat (600 m)
An early morning drive takes you to Arughat, a small town in the Gorkha district. The 7-8 hour drive offers glimpses of rural life in Nepal. Overnight in Arughat.

Day 4: Trek from Arughat to Soti Khola (700 m)
Trek from Arughat to Soti Khola, a 6-7 hour hike through lush forests and terraced fields. The trail follows the Budhi Gandaki River, and you’ll be immersed in rural Nepali life.

Day 5: Trek from Soti Khola to Machha Khola (900 m)
Today, trek for 6-7 hours to Machha Khola, a village nestled along the river. You’ll pass through steep paths, suspension bridges, and traditional villages.

Day 6: Trek from Machha Khola to Jagat (1,340 m)
Trek for 6-7 hours today, heading towards Jagat. The route involves ascents and descents through forests, and you’ll pass by small settlements along the way.

Day 7: Trek from Jagat to Deng (1,860 m)
Continue your trek for 6-7 hours, with the trail becoming steeper and more rugged. You’ll see fewer people as you enter the more remote areas. The village of Deng is peaceful and offers fantastic views of the surrounding peaks.

Day 8: Trek from Deng to Namrung (2,660 m)
Trek for 6-7 hours to Namrung, a beautiful village where Tibetan culture begins to dominate. This day marks your transition into higher altitudes, with amazing views of mountains like Manaslu.

Day 9: Trek from Namrung to Samagaon (3,530 m)
Trek for 5-6 hours to Samagaon, a Tibetan-influenced village that serves as the base for exploring the surroundings. The views of Manaslu and other surrounding peaks are awe-inspiring.

Day 10: Acclimatization Day in Samagaon
Take a rest day to acclimatize to the higher altitude. You can explore the region around Samagaon, visit the Pungyen Monastery, or hike to Manaslu Base Camp.

Day 11: Trek from Samagaon to Samdo (3,860 m)
Today’s trek takes you to Samdo after 4-5 hours of walking. Samdo is a small village, and the surroundings become more remote, with breathtaking mountain vistas.

Day 12: Trek from Samdo to Dharamsala (4,460 m)
Trek for 4-5 hours towards Dharamsala, located near the Larkya La Pass. The trail is more challenging, and the altitude begins to affect you, but the views of the mountains are magnificent.

Day 13: Cross Larkya La Pass (5,106 m) and Trek to Bumthang (3,590 m)
Today, cross the Larkya La Pass, the highest point of the trek at 5,106 meters. The ascent is steep, but the panoramic views are rewarding. Afterward, descend to Bumthang for an overnight rest.

Day 14: Trek from Bhimthang to Dharapani (1,960 m)
A long trek (6-7 hours) takes you from Bumthang to Dharapani, passing through forests, villages, and lush valleys. You’ll notice a change in vegetation as you descend.

Day 15: Drive from Dharapani to Besisahar and Return to Kathmandu
Drive back to Besisahar, where you can catch a vehicle to Kathmandu. This journey takes around 7-8 hours. On arrival, you can relax and enjoy your last evening in Nepal.

Day 16: Departure from Kathmandu
Your adventure comes to an end as you’re transferred to the airport for your departure flight, taking with you memories of an incredible Himalayan journey.

The cost of trekking in Nepal can vary significantly depending on the region, the trek’s length, the level of support you require, and the season. Two popular treks in Nepal, the Upper Mustang Trek and the Manaslu Circuit Trek, each offer unique experiences in the Himalayas but come with distinct costs. Here’s a comparison of the costs for each trek, including the key factors that contribute to the overall price.

5 Key Differences: Upper Mustang Trek vs. Manaslu Circuit Trek

Cultural Aspects

The Upper Mustang Trek offers a rare glimpse into the ancient Tibetan-influenced culture of the region, often referred to as the “Last Forbidden Kingdom.” The trek takes you through Lo Manthang, the walled capital of Mustang, where you can witness traditional Tibetan Buddhist practices, centuries-old monasteries, and unique cave dwellings. The region’s cultural identity remains well-preserved due to its historical isolation.

On the other hand, the Manaslu Circuit Trek provides a diverse cultural experience, transitioning from Hindu villages in the lower regions to Tibetan Buddhist communities as you ascend. The trek passes through ethnic Gurung and Tibetan villages, allowing trekkers to explore monasteries, prayer wheels, and main walls along the trail. Unlike Upper Mustang, Manaslu sees a mix of cultures influenced by both Hinduism and Buddhism.

Scenery and Terrain

The Upper Mustang Trek is characterized by its arid, desert-like landscape with striking red cliffs, deep canyons, and barren plateaus reminiscent of Tibet. The terrain is relatively dry due to its location in the rain shadow of the Annapurna and Dhaulagiri ranges. The unique rock formations and colorful cliffs make it an otherworldly trekking experience, distinct from the lush greenery found elsewhere in Nepal.

In contrast, the Manaslu Circuit Trek offers a dramatically changing landscape, from subtropical forests and terraced farmlands in the lower regions to alpine meadows and glacial valleys higher up. The trek encircles Mount Manaslu (8,163 m), the eighth-highest mountain in the world, providing breathtaking views of snow-capped peaks, glaciers, and high mountain passes like the Larke La Pass (5,106 m). The scenery on the Manaslu trek is much more varied compared to the consistent, arid beauty of Upper Mustang.

Altitude and Acclimatization

The Upper Mustang Trek has a moderate altitude profile, with Lo Manthang sitting at 3,840 meters. Although the region is high, it does not have extremely high-altitude passes, making acclimatization relatively easier compared to other treks in Nepal. The gradual ascent and lower maximum altitude reduce the risk of altitude sickness.

The Manaslu Circuit Trek, however, requires more careful acclimatization due to its higher elevations. The trek reaches its highest point at Larke La Pass (5,106 m), which poses a significant challenge for altitude adaptation. Trekkers need to follow a well-paced itinerary with sufficient acclimatization days to avoid altitude-related issues.

Crowds and Accessibility

The Upper Mustang Trek is a restricted area, requiring a special permit that makes it a more exclusive trek with fewer crowds. The region is less commercialized, and the number of trekkers is significantly lower compared to other popular trails like Everest Base Camp or the Annapurna Circuit. The trek starts from Jomsom, which is accessible by a short flight from Pokhara or by a long jeep ride.

The Manaslu Circuit Trek is also a restricted area requiring a special permit, but it has been growing in popularity in recent years. While it is still less crowded than the Everest or Annapurna regions, it sees more trekkers compared to Upper Mustang. The trek starts from Soti Khola, which requires a long jeep ride from Kathmandu. Compared to Mustang, Manaslu offers a more rugged and remote experience, with fewer tea houses and basic facilities in some sections.

Best Trek for You

Choosing between the Upper Mustang Trek and the Manaslu Circuit Trek depends on your preferences:

• Choose Upper Mustang if:
  • You are interested in Tibetan culture and historical sites.
  • You prefer a unique desert-like landscape over lush forests.
  • You want a moderate trek with a lower risk of altitude sickness.
  • You prefer a less crowded trail with a sense of exclusivity.

Choose the Manaslu Circuit if:

• You want a diverse landscape with everything from forests to glaciers.
• You are up for a more physically demanding trek with high-altitude challenges.
• You want to experience both Hindu and Buddhist cultures.
• You prefer a more remote and rugged adventure with fewer modern amenities.

Both treks offer incredible experiences, but your choice should be based on your fitness level, trekking preferences, and interest in cultural exploration. Whether you prefer the arid beauty of Upper Mustang or the diverse and challenging terrain of Manaslu, each trek promises an unforgettable journey in the heart of the Himalayas.

Why Compare Upper Mustang and Manaslu Circuit Treks

Nepal, known for its dramatic mountain landscapes, rich cultural heritage, and diverse trekking routes, offers some of the world’s most spectacular trekking experiences. Among these, the Upper Mustang and Manaslu Circuit treks stand out as two of the most coveted, offering off-the-beaten-path experiences in the Himalayan region. Though both treks are situated in the rugged terrain of Nepal’s northern regions, they differ significantly in their route, cultural exposure, level of challenge, and cost. However, due to their remote nature and the unique experiences they offer, they are often compared to trekkers seeking to explore Nepal’s less-traveled paths. Let’s delve into why these two treks are frequently compared and explore the differences in their costs, challenges, and rewards.

1. Geography and Landscape

The Upper Bronco Journey takes trekkers to the farther hill of Colt, which lies in the rain-shadow zone of Nepal. This hill, regularly alluded to as “Mini-Tibet,” highlights a starkly distinctive scene compared to the lavish green hills that most individuals relate to Nepal. The scene of Upper Bronco is ruled by parched desert-like conditions, profound canyons, and staggering Tibetan Buddhist religious communities. The striking highlight of this hill is its otherworldly excellence, characterized by wind-sculpted cliffs, multi-colored shake arrangements, and farther villages.

In addition, the Manaslu Circuit Journey takes trekkers through different biological systems, from subtropical woodlands to elevated knolls and blanketed Himalayan peaks. The journey offers all-encompassing views of a few of the most sensational mountains in the world, including Mount Manaslu, the eighth-highest peak in the world. Along the course, trekkers pass through thick woodlands, terraced areas, high-altitude levels, and frigid streams. The difference between the rich timberlands at lower heights and the fruitless, tough scenes at higher heights makes for an outwardly dazzling experience.

While Upper Mustang’s desolate, desert-like landscape offers a sense of confinement and immortality, the Manaslu Circuit Trek’s assortment of scenes offers trekkers a comprehensive involvement of Nepal’s characteristic excellence, transitioning through diverse biological systems and heights.

1. Cultural and Scenic Diversity

Both the Upper Mustang and Manaslu Circuit treks provide an exceptional opportunity to explore Nepal’s diverse landscapes and cultures, yet each offers a distinctly different experience.

Upper Mustang is a former kingdom, often referred to as the “Last Forbidden Kingdom” due to its historical isolation from the rest of Nepal. This region has maintained its Tibetan culture and lifestyle, offering trekkers a rare glimpse into a unique world. The area is known for its stark, desert-like landscapes, ancient monasteries, and traditional villages. The trek takes you through the isolated region of Lo Manthang, the capital of Upper Mustang, where you can experience Tibetan Buddhism in its most authentic form. The trek allows you to explore cave dwellings, sacred sites, and even the remnants of ancient palaces.

In contrast, the Manaslu Circuit Trek takes you through a stunning variety of landscapes, ranging from subtropical forests to alpine meadows and eventually, the high-altitude desert environment of the Tibetan Plateau. The trek is also a cultural journey, passing through several Gurung, Tamang, and Tibetan villages. Unlike Upper Mustang, the Manaslu Circuit offers a broader cultural experience as it is more diverse in terms of the ethnic groups encountered. While you will still get to experience Tibetan Buddhism, you will also encounter a mix of Hindu culture in the lower regions, particularly in the Gorkha district. The trek offers a fantastic combination of cultural immersion and natural beauty, framed by panoramic views of the Manaslu Mountain, which is the eighth-highest peak in the world.

2. Difficulty and Trekking Experience

The trekking difficulty of both routes also presents a key point of comparison.

Upper Mustang is considered a moderate trek, though it is still demanding due to the high altitudes and the challenging terrain. The region’s rugged, dry landscape and high-altitude passes can pose difficulties for those not accustomed to trekking at altitudes exceeding 4,000 meters. However, due to the relatively lower elevation compared to other treks in Nepal, Upper Mustang is often regarded as being slightly easier in terms of acclimatization.

On the other hand, the Manaslu Circuit Trek is more physically demanding, largely due to its length, altitude, and the strenuous crossing of the Larkya La Pass at 5,160 meters. The pass is often cited as one of the most challenging sections of the trek. The Manaslu Circuit is also considered more difficult in terms of the variety of terrain trekkers must traverse. The trail crosses through lush forests, steep ascents, rocky terrain, and high-altitude mountain passes, which can be tough for trekkers who are not adequately prepared for such challenges. Therefore, while both treks require physical endurance, the Manaslu Circuit Trek is generally considered more challenging overall due to its varied terrain and altitude.

3. Accessibility and Permits

Another important factor when comparing these treks is the accessibility and permit requirements.

The Upper Mustang Trek requires trekkers to obtain a special permit due to the restricted nature of the region. As of now, only a limited number of permits are issued each year, making it a more exclusive destination. The trek also requires a trekking permit for the Annapurna Conservation Area, as it falls within the larger Annapurna region. Moreover, trekkers must travel to the town of Jomsom, usually by air, as the area is not easily accessible by road.

In contrast, the Manaslu Circuit Trek is located in a more accessible region, and though it also requires a special restricted area permit, it is easier to arrange for this trek compared to the Upper Mustang. The Manaslu Circuit is part of the Manaslu Conservation Area, which requires a separate trekking permit. The trek starts from Arughat, which is reachable by road from Kathmandu. Despite its remote nature, it is more logistically accessible compared to Upper Mustang.

4. The Reward: Adventure and Beauty at Different Speeds

The rewards of both treks are immense, but they are experienced in different ways. The Upper Mustang Trek offers trekkers a step back in time, where the landscape and culture have remained untouched by modern influences. The reward is not just in reaching the destination but in every step along the way, with opportunities to photograph ancient caves, Buddhist shrines, and pristine desert landscapes. The journey through Upper Mustang is an adventure in cultural exploration as much as a physical challenge.

The Manaslu Circuit Trek, on the other hand, offers more classic trekking rewards: high-altitude challenges, incredible mountain views, and cultural encounters. The ultimate reward is crossing Larkya La Pass and standing on the threshold of some of the world’s highest peaks, all while surrounded by a rich tapestry of mountain culture. For trekkers who want a combination of natural beauty, cultural depth, and adventure, the Manaslu Circuit offers a holistic Himalayan experience.

5. Cost Comparison: Upper Mustang Trek vs. Manaslu Circuit Trek

When comparing the costs of the Upper Mustang Trek and the Manaslu Circuit Trek, there are several factors to consider, including permits, guide and porter fees, accommodation, and transportation costs.

Upper Mustang Trek Cost:

• Permits: The special permit for Upper Mustang is significantly more expensive than the permits for the Manaslu Circuit. The fee for the Upper Mustang permit is approximately USD 500 for a 10-day trek, with an additional USD 50 charged for every extra day. In addition to this, you also need to pay for the Annapurna Conservation Area Permit (ACAP) and the Restricted Area Permit (RAP).
• Guides and Porters: Since Upper Mustang is a remote region, it is advisable to hire a guide and porter. The cost of hiring a guide typically ranges from USD 20 to USD 30 per day, while a porter may cost around USD 15 to USD 25 per day.
• Transportation: To get to Upper Mustang, you typically fly from Pokhara to Jomsom, which adds additional costs of around USD 120–150 for a one-way flight.
• Total Estimated Cost: A trek to Upper Mustang can cost anywhere between USD 1,500 and USD 2,000 per person, depending on the duration and the services you choose.

Manaslu Circuit Trek Cost:

• Permits: The permit for the Manaslu Circuit Trek is slightly less expensive than the Upper Mustang. A special restricted area permit costs around USD 100 for the first seven days and then USD 15 for each additional day. You also need the Manaslu Conservation Area Permit and the Annapurna Conservation Area Permit.
• Guides and Porters: As with the Upper Mustang, it is highly recommended to hire a guide and porter for the Manaslu Circuit, particularly due to the more challenging terrain. Guide fees range from USD 25 to USD 30 per day, while porter fees are similar to those of Upper Mustang.
• Transportation: Travel to the starting point of the trek, Arughat, can be done by road from Kathmandu, with transportation costs generally around USD 20–40.
• Total Estimated Cost: The overall cost of the Manaslu Circuit Trek is typically between USD 1,200 and USD 1,800, depending on the length of the trek and the services you opt for.

Choosing Between Upper Mustang and Manaslu Circuit

Trekking in Nepal is an adventure like no other, offering a mix of breathtaking landscapes, cultural immersion, and physical challenges. Among the many trekking routes available, Upper Mustang and the Manaslu Circuit stand out as two of the most spectacular and rewarding experiences. However, each trek offers something unique, making the choice between them dependent on personal preferences, fitness levels, and trekking goals. In this guide, we break down the best choices for different types of trekkers: cultural enthusiasts, adventure seekers, families or beginners, and experienced trekkers.

For Cultural Enthusiasts

If your primary interest in trekking lies in immersing yourself in local cultures, both Upper Mustang and the Manaslu Circuit offer rich cultural experiences. However, their offerings differ significantly.

Upper Mustang: Often referred to as the “Last Forbidden Kingdom,” Upper Mustang provides an unparalleled glimpse into Tibetan culture. The region was a restricted area until 1992, preserving its heritage and traditions. The trek takes you through ancient monasteries, chortens, and cave dwellings, with Lo Manthang, the walled capital of the former Mustang Kingdom, being a cultural highlight. You’ll witness traditional Tibetan Buddhist practices, and unique festivals such as Tiji, and interact with the Loba people, who have maintained their customs for centuries. The arid, desert-like landscape dotted with whitewashed houses and vibrant prayer flags enhances the authenticity of the experience.

Manaslu Circuit: The Manaslu region is home to both Hindu and Tibetan Buddhist communities. While the cultural aspect is strong, it is more diverse compared to the distinctly Tibetan culture of Upper Mustang. Along the trail, you’ll pass through remote villages such as Samagaon and Lho, where Tibetan Buddhism thrives, and you can visit monasteries like Pungyen Gompa. The influence of both Hinduism and Buddhism adds depth to the cultural experience, with interactions with Gurung and Tibetan-origin communities providing a blend of traditions and rituals. However, compared to Upper Mustang, the preservation of traditional lifestyles is slightly more diluted due to increasing accessibility.

For Adventure Seekers

For those who seek thrilling landscapes, rugged terrains, and physically demanding trails, both treks offer challenges, but they cater to different types of adventure lovers.

Upper Mustang: While not as physically demanding as the Manaslu Circuit, Upper Mustang offers a unique adventure due to its strikingly different terrain. The barren, wind-sculpted canyons, dramatic cliffs, and hidden caves give trekkers a sense of exploration. The region’s remoteness adds an adventurous feel, but the trails are not as strenuous. There are no high mountain passes to cross, making it more of an exploratory adventure than a physically demanding one. If you love the idea of discovering a hidden kingdom and trekking through a desert-like Himalayan landscape, this trek is for you.

Manaslu Circuit: If you’re after a more physically demanding adventure, the Manaslu Circuit is the better choice. The trek involves multiple steep ascents and descents, high-altitude trekking, and a demanding crossing of Larkya La Pass (5,160 meters). The dramatic change in landscape, from lush green forests and river valleys to snow-covered peaks and glacial moraines, makes for a thrilling adventure. The sense of accomplishment after crossing Larkya La is unmatched, making this trek ideal for those who crave both adventure and challenge.

For Families or Beginners

Not all treks in Nepal are suitable for beginners or families with children, as high altitude and rugged trails can pose significant challenges. Choosing the right trek ensures an enjoyable and safe experience.

Upper Mustang: This trek is a great option for families or beginners looking for a culturally rich yet not overly strenuous trek. The altitude is relatively moderate compared to other high-altitude treks, with Lo Manthang sitting at 3,840 meters. The trails are well-established and do not involve extreme elevation gains or technical sections. Additionally, the dry climate reduces the risk of altitude-related issues. With proper acclimatization, even those with limited trekking experience can enjoy this journey comfortably.

Manaslu Circuit: While incredibly rewarding, the Manaslu Circuit is more challenging for beginners or families. The trek involves long days of walking, steep ascents, and high-altitude trekking, which can be strenuous for inexperienced trekkers. The crossing of Larkya La Pass is particularly demanding and may not be suitable for children or those with limited fitness levels. However, with proper preparation and gradual acclimatization, determined beginners with a sense of adventure can still complete the trek.

For Experienced Trekkers

For seasoned trekkers who have already explored other regions of Nepal or seek a more demanding adventure, both treks provide distinct experiences.

Upper Mustang: While the trek is culturally and scenically outstanding, it does not offer the same level of physical challenge as the Manaslu Circuit. However, experienced trekkers who prefer a unique, off-the-beaten-path experience will appreciate Upper Mustang’s remote trails, restricted access, and rich cultural exposure. The trek can be extended to explore lesser-visited areas like the Korala border or the hidden caves of Chooser.

Manaslu Circuit: This trek is undoubtedly a top choice for experienced trekkers seeking a challenge. The varying terrain, high altitude, and unpredictable weather conditions make it an exhilarating journey. Compared to the more commercialized Everest Base Camp or Annapurna Circuit treks, Manaslu offers a raw, untouched experience. The sense of isolation, coupled with the grandeur of Mount Manaslu (8,163 meters), makes it one of the best choices for experienced trekkers looking for both difficulty and stunning landscapes.

Upper Mustang trek cost vs Manaslu circuit trek cost

Upper Mustang Trek Cost

Upper Mustang is one of the most remote and culturally rich areas in Nepal, known for its desert-like terrain, Tibetan culture, and ancient monasteries. The cost of the Upper Mustang Trek can be higher compared to other trekking regions due to the region’s restricted area status. Here’s a breakdown of the key costs involved:

1. Trekking Permit Fees: To trek in the Upper Mustang, trekkers need a special permit due to the region’s restricted nature. The Upper Mustang Trek requires an ACAP (Annapurna Conservation Area Project) permit, which costs around NPR 2,000 (15 USD), and a Special Permit for the Upper Mustang, which is significantly more expensive. The cost for the special permit is (500 USD) per week, with additional charges for extra days.
2. Guide and Porter Fees: Given the remoteness and the rugged terrain, hiring a guide and/or porter is highly recommended for the Upper Mustang trek. The cost for a guide typically ranges between NPR 3,000 and 4,000 ($25 and $35 ) per day, while porters charge about NPR 2,500 and 3,000 ($20 and $25 ) per day.
3. Accommodation and Food: Most teahouses in Upper Mustang are simple, and food tends to be more expensive due to the region’s remoteness. Expect to pay between NPR 500 and 1,500 ($5 and $12 ) per meal, with accommodation ranging from NPR 500 to 1,500 ($5 to $12 ) per night, depending on the lodge. In addition, the cost of water, snacks, and other essentials can add to the daily expenses.
4. Transportation: Getting to the start of the trek in Jomsom typically involves either a domestic flight from Pokhara (around NPR 1,5000 – 17,000 or $125 – $135 ) or a jeep ride (around NPR 2,500 – 3,500 or $20 – $30 ). Depending on your choice of transportation, the cost can vary.
5. Total Estimated Cost: The total cost for an Upper Mustang Trek can range from $1,500 to $3,000  for a 10-14 day trek, depending on the level of comfort, guide/porter fees, and additional services.

Manaslu Circuit Trek Cost

The Manaslu Circuit Trek, which encircles Mount Manaslu (the eighth-highest mountain in the world), is a challenging and scenic trek. While it is less expensive than the Upper Mustang Trek in general, it still requires some specific permits and logistics:

1. Trekking Permit Fees: The Manaslu Circuit requires a Manaslu Conservation Area Permit (MCAP), which costs around NPR 2,000 (15 USD) per person. Additionally, trekkers must obtain a Trekking Information Management System (TIMS) card, which costs around NPR 1,000 (8 USD). A restricted area permit is also necessary, which is priced at NPR 4,000 (USD 30) per person per week.
2. Guide and Porter Fees: While it’s possible to trek the Manaslu Circuit independently, it’s often recommended to have a guide for safety and navigation. The guide fees generally range between NPR 3,000 and 4,000 ($25 and $35 ) per day, and porters charge about NPR 2,500 and 3,000 ($20 and $25 ) per day.
3. Accommodation and Food: Teahouses along the Manaslu Circuit are more basic but still provide food and lodging. Accommodation generally costs around NPR 500 – 1,500 ($5 – $12 ) per night, and meals range from NPR 500 – 1,500 ($5 – $12 ) per meal. The cost of food can increase as you gain altitude, particularly in the higher regions.
4. Transportation: The trek starts in Arughat or Soti Khola, which can be reached by a jeep ride from Kathmandu. The transportation cost can range from NPR 2,500 to 4,000 ($20 to $35 ) depending on the route.
5. Total Estimated Cost: The cost for a Manaslu Circuit Trek typically falls between $1,200 and $2,500  for a 12-14 day trek. The price varies based on whether you hire a guide and porter and the type of accommodation and services you choose.

Key Differences in Cost

• Permit Fees: The Upper Mustang Trek is more expensive when it comes to permits, especially the special permit for the restricted region. Manaslu’s permit system is less costly.
• Accessibility: The Manaslu Circuit is relatively easier to access from Kathmandu by jeep, whereas getting to Upper Mustang usually requires a flight to Jomsom, making the transportation costs higher.
• Duration and Logistics: The Upper Mustang Trek can be shorter than the Manaslu Circuit Trek, but the remote nature of the Upper Mustang often makes it a more expensive trek in terms of logistics.

Conclusion:

Your Ideal Trek

Choosing between the Upper Mustang and Manaslu Circuit treks largely depends on what kind of experience you’re seeking. Upper Mustang is perfect for those intrigued by Tibetan culture and ancient history, offering a unique opportunity to visit remote, high-altitude villages with minimal tourist traffic. On the other hand, the Manaslu Circuit is ideal for trekkers seeking a diverse landscape, higher altitudes, and a blend of cultural experiences, including crossing one of the most challenging mountain passes in Nepal. Whether you prefer the dry, mystical landscapes of Mustang or the varied terrain around Manaslu, both treks promise a life-changing adventure.

Decision-Making Factors

When choosing between these two treks, several factors should guide your decision. First, consider the level of difficulty and the type of landscapes you want to explore. If you’re looking for a more challenging, physically demanding trek with high-altitude passes and diverse ecosystems, the Manaslu Circuit will be more suitable. For those interested in a cultural exploration with less physical strain, the Upper Mustang trek offers a more moderate experience with a strong emphasis on history and Tibetan Buddhism. Furthermore, logistical factors like the best trekking season, permits, and the level of remoteness should also influence your choice.

Recommendation

If you’re an experienced trekker looking for a challenging yet rewarding journey, I highly recommend the Manaslu Circuit Trek for its dynamic landscapes and cultural richness, culminating in the exhilarating Larkya La Pass. However, for those seeking a more tranquil, culturally immersive adventure in a remote setting, the Upper Mustang Trek stands out as an exceptional choice. It offers an opportunity to experience one of the most untouched parts of Nepal, with its unique blend of Tibetan culture and dramatic landscapes. Ultimately, both treks are spectacular, so your decision depends on your adventure preferences and physical readiness.

FAQs

What is the best time to do the Upper Mustang Trek?
The best time to trek Upper Mustang is during the pre-monsoon (March to May) and post-monsoon (September to November) seasons, offering the clearest weather and ideal trekking conditions.

What is the maximum altitude of the Upper Mustang Trek?
The highest point of the trek is the Lo Manthang at 3,800 meters (12,500 feet).

Do I need a permit for the Upper Mustang Trek?
Yes, Upper Mustang requires a Special Restricted Area Permit, which can only be obtained through a registered trekking agency.

How long is the Upper Mustang Trek?
The trek generally takes 10 to 14 days, depending on the chosen itinerary and pace.

Is the Upper Mustang Trek difficult?
The trek is moderate, with a combination of easy and slightly challenging sections, mainly due to the altitude and rugged terrain.

Can I trek the Upper Mustang independently?
No, you must go with a licensed guide and as part of a group, as it is a restricted area requiring a permit.

What kind of accommodation is available on the Upper Mustang Trek?
Accommodation in Upper Mustang is in basic tea houses or local lodges. Some areas may offer camping in the more remote sections of the trek.

What are the highlights of the Upper Mustang Trek?
Highlights include the unique desert-like landscapes, ancient caves, Tibetan Buddhist monasteries, and the walled city of Lo Manthang.

Is there a risk of altitude sickness on the Upper Mustang Trek?
Altitude sickness is less of a concern due to the moderate elevation. However, trekkers should still acclimatize at higher points to avoid complications.

What is the weather like in Upper Mustang?
Upper Mustang lies in the rain-shadow region, so it experiences dry, sunny weather. Winters can be cold, with daytime temperatures ranging from 10°C to 20°C.

How long is the Manaslu Circuit Trek?

Typically 14–18 days, depending on pace and acclimatization.

Do I need a permit for the trek?

Yes, you need three: Manaslu Restricted Area Permit (MRAP), Manaslu Conservation Area Permit (MCAP), and Annapurna Conservation Area Permit (ACAP).

Is a guide mandatory?

Yes, you must trek with a registered guide or in a group of at least two trekkers.

What is the best season for the trek?

Spring (March-May) and autumn (September–November) offer the best weather and views.

How difficult is the trek?

Moderately to highly challenging, with long ascents, high altitude, and rough terrain.

What is the highest point of the trek?

Larkya La Pass (5,160m / 16,929ft).

Are tea houses available along the route?

Yes, basic tea houses provide food and accommodation, but facilities are limited.

Is altitude sickness a concern?

Yes, proper acclimatization and hydration are essential to avoid Acute Mountain Sickness (AMS).

How much does the trek cost?

Around $800–$1,500 per person, including permits, guides, food, and lodging.

Is the trek crowded like Everest or Annapurna?

No, it is less crowded, offering a more remote and serene trekking experience.

 

Contact Us Team Himalaya For More Info

Team Himalaya Pvt. Ltd. is a trusted local trekking company based in Kathmandu, Nepal. We specialize in organizing multi-day tours, treks, climbing adventures, expeditions, and other related activities for solo travelers and private groups. Our services extend across Nepal, Bhutan, and Tibet. 

For inquiries, feel free to reach out to us at [email protected]  or via Whats App at +9779841824281.